完形填空题型试题形式试题性质介绍 1. 理论依据 完形填空,又称为综合填空。英文叫Cloze Test(或Cloze Procedure, Cloze Technique)。从20世纪70年代起,这种测试形式就被我国外语教学界普遍采用。该题型也已成为我国高考英语试题及各种英语测试的固定题型,因此引起了广大英语教师和参加考试的学生广泛关注。 Cloze 一词来源于“格式塔心理学派”(Gestalt Psychology)的术语。这个学派主张整体理解,理解时从上到下,从总体结构到各个组成部分进行分析,它认为人有时对不完整的事物进行补充的能力。按照“格式塔心理学派”的理论,一篇文章有它的主题思想,整体结构,理论支持,总体布局等特点。选一篇文章,中间去掉一些词,也就是说每隔一些词留一个空格,这篇文章仍有足够的线索,考生能用这些线索,通过上下文的分析,对被去掉的词作出正确的判断,从所给的选项中选出恰当的词填入空格,使上下文合理、符合题意、并能保持原文内容的完整性和原文的语言特色。后来人们把这个理论应用到英语测试题上,就形成了今天的Cloze Test, 具体地说就是一种综合填空测试题。综上所述就是完形填空题的理论依据。 2. 试题形式 完形填空题的形式主要有两种: 1)一种是取一篇短文,在当中挖掉一些词,留出空格,在文章下方提供4个可供选择的答案,考生从中选出正确的答案; 2)一种是取一篇短文,每隔一定数量的词,留出空格,不提供任何可供选择的答案,考生根据上下文填写一个恰当的词; 目前我国高考英语试题采用的是第一种形式,即在所选短文的下面提供4个可供选择的答案,考生从四个选项中选出一个正确答案。这是我国高考和英语测试所采用的最流行的一种形式。3. 试题性质 完形填空题与语法选择题和词汇选择题虽然都是填空题,但在试题性质和测试目的上是完全不同的。语法、结构单项填空通常是以一个句子的形式出现的,通过选择一个答案,这个答案在语法上能够使这个句子完整。词汇选择题通常也是以一个句子的形式出现的,通过选择一个答案,这个答案能够使这个句子在意义上完整。而做完形填空题则基于整个语篇的理解,要求考生掌握相当数量的词汇、句型、词组和有一定的阅读理解能力,和词语搭配能力,综合运用语言知识的能力。由此可见完形填空题是阅读题,是一种难度较大的题型。是一种对考生阅读理解能力的测试。 完形填空对语境理解和词汇的复现进行了集中考查,占到了三分之二。由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇,围绕一个话题论述,因此在行文中词语的重复、替代、复现和同现现象是不可避免的。根据这个原则,某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现或同现的相关词,考生可以根据这些词之间的有机联系来确定答案。所以,解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索,如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章,因此,在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。 Giving a successful speech requires many things,but the most important is making eye contact.As a matter of fact,eye contact is to a speech 1 a hand-shake is to a greeting. Eye contact is a nonverbal (非言语的) 2 that helps the speaker “sell” his or her ideas to the audience. 3 its persuasive powers,eye contact helps 4 listeners’ interest.Successful speakers must 5 eye contact for at least 75 percent of the time.Some speakers always 6 their notes.Others look over the 7 of their listeners at the back wall or the ceiling.Both are 8 to prevent you from 9 the audience’s expression.People who maintain eye contact while speaking,whether from a podium (演讲台) or from across the table,are regarded as more 10 and sincere. To show the 11 of eye contact in daily life,we have only to consider how passers-by 12 when their glances happen to meet on the street.At one 13 are those people who feel obliged to smile when they make eye contact.At the other extreme are those who feel 14 and immediately look away.To make eye contact,it seems,is to make a certain 15 with someone. Eye contact with an audience also lets a speaker know and control the listeners.It is,in fact,important to 16 an audience during a speech.Visual cues (视觉暗示) from audience members can 17 that a speech is dragging,that the speaker is talking about a 18 point for too long,or that a point requires further 19 .As we have pointed out,visual feedback (视觉反馈) from listeners should play an important role in 20 a speech as it is delivered. 1. A.that B.which C.what D.as 2. A.ability B.technique C.method D.access 3. A. Except B. But C. Besides D. As well 4. A.attract B.raise C.develop D.hold 5. A.maintain B.supply C.offer D.connect 6. A.look on B.take on C.focus on D.turn on 7. A.hands B.heads C.eyes D.feet 8. A.going B.likely C.sure D.about 9. A.reading B.enjoying C.looking D.admiring 10. A.doubtful B.aggressive C.impolite D.believable 11. A.effectiveness B.fact C.influence D.use 12 A.move B.play C.perform D.behave 13. A.side B.comer C. hand D. extreme 14. A.happy B.puzzled C.frightened D.awkward 15. A.deal B.link C.friend D.promise 16. A.see B.greet C.analyze D.control 17. A.indicate B.talk C.feel D.find 18. A.particular B.some C.special D.common 19. A.evaluation B.research C.explanation D.discussion 20. A.giving B.assessing C.listening to D.shaping |
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